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Terms Privacy Policy. It was a bum deal. For a first maybe, but for a fourth no way. Meanwhile, Blaine says he's hesitant about going to the prom with Kurt because at his old school he and a gay friend were beat up when they tried to go to a Sadie Hawkins dance together. Kurt reassures Blaine that this will be an opportunity for him to face the bullies. Kurt makes himself a tux with a kilt as an homage to the royal wedding and Alexander McQueen and Finn dubs it "Gay Braveheart.

Kurt says he's wearing it anyway because, "Prom is about joy, not fear. While Karofsky is escorting Kurt to class as part of his Bully Whip duties, he tells him that the student body isn't as homophobic as it once was, and he should think about coming out. In a humanizing moment, Karofsky breaks down and tells Kurt, "I'm so freaking sorry for what I did to you. There's silence in the auditorium and Kurt runs out. In the bathroom, Quinn slaps Rachel for ruining her night, then immediately apologizes.

Rachel comforts Quinn as she explains that it's hard to be pretty. Out in the hallway where people have real problems, Kurt cries to Blaine, "We thought that because no one was teasing us or beating us up that no one cared.

Like some kind of progress had been made. But it's still the same Quinn also mentions that she's "not into that. Santana and Brittany try to convince Quinn to rejoin the Cheerios, they say 'We joined Cheerios together, Glee Club together, we all slept with Puckerman the same year.

We're like besties for life. Quinn rejoins Glee Club and the Cheerios later in the year. Santana is forced out of the closet, and Quinn seems very supportive of her. In Season Four , they meet again in Thanksgiving , and have a conversation in the choir room, which culminates in them slapping each other, before Brittany intervenes. In the episode I Do, Quinn begins flirting with Santana and eventually sleep together twice because they were drunk. Quinn states it is only a one-time thing and Santana agrees by saying they could make a two time thing out of it.

Afterwards Santana joins Quinn as she confronts Finn about talking with Rachel and watches her from the side. Also, in a deleted scene of Pilot , they are seen in the bathroom making fun of Rachel, with Santana saying "Getting ready for the tranny prom, Rachel?

Santana and Quinn can be seen walking down the hallways together in the beginning of the episode. In the celibacy club, Santana twirls in her skirt and Quinn says "God bless the pervert that invented these skirts.

Quinn and Santana try to convince Rachel to hire a professional dance coach, Dakota Stanley Vocal Adrenaline coach dancer. They also try to encourage Mercedes to go out with Kurt , even though they know Kurt is gay.

At the Cheerios car wash fundraiser, Quinn and Santana are seen goofing around together and laughing while washing the same car in Cheerio's bikini tops. Santana approaches Quinn the next day and tells Quinn about it out of malicious joy, which shocks Quinn. Kurt mentions that Quinn has "beef" a rivalry with Santana and Brittany.

Quinn is also seen watching Santana and Brittany vandalize old thunderclaps, she appears to be staring at them both longingly, missing her old life. The Power of Madonna. When Santana performs 4 Minutes with the Cheerios, Quinn is seen watching happily. Quinn looks sorry for Santana later in the episode when she is at the bottom of the cheerleading pyramid, seemingly regretting her decision to tell on her. Quinn mentions Santana to Sam, saying "I need to find a way to get Santana off my heels!

Quinn does appear to enjoy Santana and Mercedes' duet of River Deep, Mountain High shimmying along, laughing and staring at Santana's backside.

However, Santana seems very much disheartened by Quinn's duet with Sam, and even more so when they win. The Rocky Horror Glee Show. The Sue Sylvester Shuffle. They discuss what they're going to do in the bathroom together with Brittany. Suddenly, Sue appears and tries to convince them that their life would be miserable out of the cheerios. Eventually they quit Glee Club together.

When Brittany is tricked into agreeing to be shot out of a cannon, Quinn and Santana are convinced by Finn to quit the Cheerios to protect her and rejoin the New Directions.

Silly Love Songs. When the glee club gangs up against Santana, Quinn joins them and mentions how Santana recently said that she's sad Quinn didn't give birth to a lizard baby. Santana later notices the sparks between Finn and Quinn, and has an idea how she could get revenge. She kisses Wes Fahey , who was infected with mono, and kisses Finn almost immediately after that.

When Quinn and Finn share a kiss later, Quinn gets infected with mono too. Santana shafts them the next day over it. Santana is in the hallway with Quinn, by Quinn's locker. She says although they've "had their differences," acknowledging their recent rivalry, Quinn looks good in the outfit. Blame It on the Alcohol. When Santana is drunk, she accuses Sam of liking Quinn more than her and talks about how pretty and clever Quinn is.

The Purple Piano Project. Santana later asks Quinn to join the Cheerios and Glee Club with Brittany, saying "It's not the same without you," which Quinn declines by saying she has found new friends now, who like her for who she is. They both dance and support Brittany in her Run the World Girls flash mob. During Spotlight , Quinn and Santana can be seen talking to each other. I Kissed a Girl.

Santana doesn't even want to let Quinn speak, but Quinn still tries to win them back. Santana laughs at Quinn when she confesses, "I know I've gone a little crazy this year. Schuester would allow them to come back, Quinn contradicts, and says that he already has and that he agreed to let them sing a song at every competition. This is what finally convinces her to go back to the New Directions. Santana makes a proposition to The God Squad , which Quinn is part of, to deliver a love song to Brittany.

When the members of the squad afterwards discuss doing it, Quinn is clearly on Santana's side. She smiles at Santana during the performance. She also tells Rachel, while she's waiting for Quinn to attend her wedding, to face Quinn's not coming. Santana and the rest of Glee Club stand supportive of Quinn's condition. Saturday Night Glee-ver.

Quinn and Santana have both been nominated for prom queen. In the choir room, Santana calls Quinn her home girl. They were both ordered the task to count the votes together so no sabotaging occurs and to make it fairer. Quinn admits she doesn't trust Santana "and she definitely doesn't trust me.

They have a special moment together before performing at Nationals and speak about how they started together and that they will end this together, Santana holds her hand. Quinn is seen laughing and hugging Santana after the announcement of the winners of Nationals Quinn and Santana come to New York together to help Rachel after getting a call from Kurt, stating he needed their help and also because they wanted do some New York shopping.

Tina in the Sky with Diamonds. Santana was referring to Quinn when she told Rachel about being with college girls who wanted to experiment. While feuding with Rachel, Santana mentions that after being in New York, she thought that her only girl friend was Rachel, and comparing her to Quinn and Brittany. Santana hints that she and Quinn are not that close anymore, considering they don't speak anymore even though Quinn lives an hour away.

New Directions. After offensive comments are made about how the country has changed badly because of allowing different ethnicities, and homosexuals, they tell them not to join, with Sam ending, saying that Quinn had sex with a Latina lesbian, referring about their past, ending with "learn that in glee club!

Jagged Little Tapestry. Glee Wiki Explore. The New Rachel Britney 2. Blogs Admin Blogs Glee News. Policies Style Guide Categories Guide. Explore Wikis Community Central. Register Don't have an account? Quinn-Santana Relationship. History Talk 0. Do you like this video?

Play Sound. Mattress Kurt mentions that Quinn has "beef" a rivalry with Santana and Brittany. Home When the New Directions go roller skating, Quinn and Santana are seen fooling around in the background and holding hands. Audition At the beginning of the episode, as Jacob is interviewing them about their summer, they can be seen standing together along with Brittany. When Jacob focuses the camera on Santana's boobs, Quinn tries to push it back up. Quinn steals Santana's head cheerio status by telling Sue about Santana's boob job that she got over the summer.

Quinn and Santana in Empire State Of Mind This causes Santana to attack her and ends up with them having a fight in the school hallway, only to be stopped by Will. When Will asked what happened to New Directions being a family, Santana insults Quinn saying that she already has a family. Quinn responds in anger, and then tells Santana to fix her hair up before heading to class.

Silly Love Songs When the glee club gangs up against Santana, Quinn joins them and mentions how Santana recently said that she's sad Quinn didn't give birth to a lizard baby. Comeback Santana is in the hallway with Quinn, by Quinn's locker.

Santa na was wearing it too, because everyone was stealing clothing tips from Brittany, which were actually from Rachel. Rachel approaches them and says she has paid Brittany to copy her clothing.

Santana and Quinn both agree how sad this is from Rachel to try stealing Brittany's success. Santana asks Sam about his relationship about Quinn. She explains to Sam that he knows Quinn kissed Finn but that he was willing to believe her story to stay with her, and that he has an opportunity to show everyone that he is not a pushover.

Santana then asks Sam out. New York Santana, along with Brittany, bangs on the bathroom door, waiting for Quinn to get out with Santana complaining that she needs to re-pencil her eyebrows. Santana notices the deject look that Quinn has on her face as she comes out of the bathroom, and reassures her that winning Nationals will make them feel better after giving up their cheerios positions.

Quinn sobs and is comforted by Santana and Brittany, Santana rests her head on Quinn's shoulder and puts her arm around the sobbing Quinn. Santana says that she knows how to make her feel better, Quinn initially thinks she is talking about something sexual, but a shocked Santana tells her that getting a haircut would help.

They also dance together in Light Up The World. When the winner of the competition is being announced they are holding hands in the background.

Quinn also holds back Santana when she's accusing Rachel of their loss. I Kissed a Girl After Josh Coleman sophomore rugby captain calls Santana out to "make her normal," Quinn comes to her defense by saying that being gay isn't a choice. As soon as the performance is finished, Santana hugs Quinn to thank her for her support, to which Quinn happily obliges.

Both vote for Brittany for class president during the elections. Prom-asaurus Quinn and Santana have both been nominated for prom queen. Quinn tells Santana that she doesn't feel right winning this title. Santana then says she deserves it "With you being a cripp and all. During the song, Quinn stands with the support of Santana, starting to cry and putting her arm around her as they smile at each other.

Nationals They have a special moment together before performing at Nationals and speak about how they started together and that they will end this together, Santana holds her hand. When Quinn is passing by in the hallway Santana nods to her and Quinn smiles. Santana hugs Quinn when they're both waving goodbye to Rachel and they are seen laughing together. Thanksgiving Quinn's return to Lima for the holidays reunites the seniors except Kurt and Rachel.

Later, the six of them go to BreadstiX together and Finn asks them to help mentor the newbies in New Directions. When Quinn tells about her secret society, Santana looks unimpressed and forces a smile. When Kitty and Quinn start bonding, Santana walks in the choir room and confronts Quinn, saying that Kitty is evil and gave Marley laxatives. Santana, knowing Kitty did it, due to her psychic Mexican third eye. Quinn tells Santana to "give it up" and to stop being jealous of her.

Quinn goes on to reveal her relationship with a year old married Yale professor who will soon divorce his wife to start dating Quinn, which Santana isn't too happy about. They mock each other until the mocking goes too far, leading up to the two slapping each other, right before Brittany walks in and stops them. Naked Quinn and Santana come to New York together to help Rachel after getting a call from Kurt, stating he needed their help and also because they wanted do some New York shopping.

They surprise Rachel and then went straight to business. Next, they were sitting opposite to Rachel when Quinn explains that she is also here so that Santana can apologize to her for slapping her face very hard.

Santana replies "In theory. We'll just see if that happens. They begin singing Love Song. During the trio's performance, Santana rolls her hand giving the spotlight to Quinn when she starts " Promise Me They seemed to be really enjoying themselves while they sang and dance. At the end, Rachel invites the both of them to dinner.

I Do Quinn and Santana enter the wedding together and sit by each other at the church. They have a conversation in which they discuss what they hate at that moment. Santana says that she hates Valentine's Day and weddings, and Quinn says she hates men except for some, comparing them all to pigs. Quinn also passes the make-up mirror to Santana.

Then, as the wedding is over and the Reception starts, Quinn is dancing with Santana along with Mike. Brittany and Sam dancing together distracts them. To ignore the fact that they both are single, Quinn and Santana walk up to the bar and get a drink with the help of fake IDs. They discuss where their friendship lies and the fact they are flawless. Quinn also tells Santana that she is "killing it in that dress" in a flirty way.

Santana is surprised by Quinn's move. Santana puts her necklace around Quinn's neck and they laugh together when Sue is about to throw the bouquet. Similarly, when Finn and Rachel are singing We've Got Tonight , they slow dance and Quinn tells Santana that she has never slow danced with a girl before and that she likes it.

After that, they are seen running towards the hotel room together flirting and giggling. The next scene shows them lying naked in a bed together, discussing the prior events. Quinn admits that she always wondered how it would be like to be with a woman, but it was a one-time thing for her. Santana tells her not to worry and suggests they make it a two-time thing.

Quinn is seen smiling at her and leaning forward, which implies they are going to have sex again. Tina in the Sky with Diamonds Santana was referring to Quinn when she told Rachel about being with college girls who wanted to experiment.

Trio While feuding with Rachel, Santana mentions that after being in New York, she thought that her only girl friend was Rachel, and comparing her to Quinn and Brittany. Schue's special Glee club assignment. Trying to cheer up Brittany, Santana convinces her to perform Toxic with Quinn. The following day, while giving a speech about Rachel's ruthless behaviour in front of everyone, Santana finally reveals to her that Quinn and her rigged the Senior Year Prom Queen election and decided to give the title to Rachel.

The images we use on the Animal books are from the entire animal kingdom, from large land mammals like tigers and elephants to fish, birds, insects, and invertebrates. There are some incredibly beautiful engravings of animals that most people have never seen before. We have a large collection of original 19th century engravings, and the images, by and large, are both surprising and wonderful. The animals are in trouble. When most of the engravings were created in the 19 th century, these animals were plentiful.

Skip to main content. How lions, tigers, and tarsiers went geek. By Edie Freedman. April 2, Learn more. Post topics: O'Reilly Insights. For additional information, see the Global Shipping Program terms and conditions - opens in a new window or tab This amount includes applicable customs duties, taxes, brokerage and other fees.

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LC is least concern. I searched for the covers and names and could assess that in that table, there are 4 false positives due to the ambiguity of common names! Only the Bush wren and the Pigfooted Bandicoot got scientific names corresponding to what they look like, and are extinct, which is quite sad. The elephant should be Loxondota africana, vulnerable species. The Sumatran tiger, Panthera tigris ssp. So all in all, we got some truth but also some wrong names and hence wrong conservation statuses!

I tried resolving the common names to scientific names using taxize::comm2sci , which was only partly successful. I got conservation status for the scientific names using the rredlist package , programmatic interface to the IUCN Red List.

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As they advance in age toward kindergarten, children tend to overuse letters from their own names, and letter combinations in alphabetic order, in their word-like scribblings. Unconscious pattern recognition has its limits. First, children have to have sufficient exposure to print and pay attention to it for statistical learning to kick in. In the beginning, this focus requires an adult directing them—for instance, pointing to the text accompanying an illustration in a picture book, or their name on a paper.

And the more complex, contextual, or rare the pattern, the harder it is and longer it takes to grasp subconsciously. Patterns that exist in one circumstance but not another are tricky. Think spelling the short o sound with an a after w or qu—like in swab, squad, or wallet—but spelling it with o otherwise—like in odd, body, or olive. Exposure supports and lays the groundwork for that instruction. Teachers commonly report that the method fails to help kids spell on tests or in real-world writing.

Still, many instructors keep on outsourcing such busywork to parents, asking us to oversee nightly spelling practice in preparation for Friday quizzes. These kinds of copying activities show up frequently in spelling programs, leading teachers to think they deliver key spelling practice in a fun package.

A group of educational psychologists three of whom are parents whose kids had been assigned rainbow writing decided to test the value of copying words in different colors. Phonetic awareness: Accurate knowledge of sounds e.

Attention and concentration: Sustained effort, doing activities without distraction and being able to hold that effort long enough to get the task done. What can be done to improve spelling? Develop phonological sound awareness skills by helping the child to learn about rhyming, syllables, initial sounds, blending sounds to make words and breaking words into their individual sounds.

Sound to letter association: Help the child to develop a good understanding of sound to letter association i. Vowels versus consonants: Understanding the difference between vowels and consonants; and long versus short vowels. Speech Therapy: See a Speech Therapist to correct any articulation difficulties. What activities can help improve spelling? Flashcards: Make flashcards of all of the letters and practice saying the sounds associated with the letters. Read books with rhyming words in them and encourage your child to think of other words that might rhyme with the words.

Clap out the syllables of longer words to help a child to hear the individual sounds in shorter more achievable chunks. Whiteboard: Using a whiteboard makes writing words more enjoyable and enables a child to erase any mistakes. Use rhymes to help teach specific spelling rules e. Sort magnetic letters: Get the child to sort magnetic letters into 2 baskets: one for vowels and one for consonants. Spell words with magnetic letters so that a child does not have to focus on both spelling and letter formation.

Why should I seek therapy if I notice difficulties with spelling in my child? Therapeutic intervention to help a child with spelling difficulties is important to: Ensure that the child knows the foundation skills of letter sounds, letter formation, and how sounds go together to make words. Then, they are ready to learn the rules that govern spelling. Memorization will become a handy tool to add to their arsenal. Additionally, your child may demonstrate significant progress with hearing sounds and matching them with letters, especially when attempting to spell a word for the first time.

The final stage of spelling development is the correct stage. At this point, your child fully comprehends the basic rules and patterns of English spelling. They can handle books at their reading level on their own and have a comfortable vocabulary of words that they consistently spell correctly.

More often than not, your child can correctly assume how words are spelled after hearing them read aloud. They know how to tackle silent vowels and consonants, irregularly spelled words, and other tricky spelling tasks.

They also have the power to recognize and correct their own spelling mistakes. With a larger and more advanced vocabulary, kids in this stage are more expressive, more accurate, and more entrenched in reading than ever before!

Games that encourage an interest in learning letters and letter-sounds are great for motivating your precommunicative stage speller. Refrigerator-magnet letters are handy for young children working through this stage.

Once students were able to orally segment words , we began to practice spelling. With independent writing, encourage them to not be afraid to try and spell big words. I made sure the focus was on what they were writing, rather than how they were spelling.

This always helped my students become confident, independent writers. When students are in the phonetic spelling stage, it is okay for them to spell words incorrectly, as long as it is still phonetic. They should be able to use multiple sounds when spelling. Here are a few times we do want to correct their spelling.

If students have learned the phonics skill and should be able to spell it. If they are missing a sound or have a different sound in place, that is a great learning opportunity to revisit spelling CVC words. Another example of when you should correct spelling is when students misspell previously learned high frequency words or sight words.

You can train students to look around the room to help spell a word or use a visual with words that cannot be spelled phonetically. This one is tricky to explain to parents. They want their child to be able to spell correctly and may feel inclined to correct spelling. If their child asks how to spell a word, they will just tell them, rather than challenge them to sound it out and spell it on their own. We want parents to understand that this is developmental and we want to encourage it!

In , the Tito Brothers, owners of the Latrobe Brewery, decided they wanted to do their own thing. That thing became Rolling Rock. The family bet that the Roosevelt Administration would repeal the 18th Amendment, and the gamble paid off.

Its name was reportedly adopted as a tribute to the smooth pebbled streams from which the beer was made. And since the very beginning, there has been speculation about what it means. Is it some kind of secret code?

Is it a simple mistake? Nobody knows. Call them conspiracy theorists, if you will. Then, in , he took his earnings and founded the Latrobe Brewery. Each of the brothers who founded the brewery loved and owned racehorses. They flipped a coin to see whose horse would be featured on the bottle.

The winner owned horse The 33 on the label was retained. I make no claims regarding the mountain springs. Cookie banner We use cookies and other tracking technologies to improve your browsing experience on our site, show personalized content and targeted ads, analyze site traffic, and understand where our audiences come from. By choosing I Accept , you consent to our use of cookies and other tracking technologies. The Straight Dope homepage. Filed under:. By Cecil Adams Oct 10, Reddit Pocket Flipboard Email.

Dear Cecil: The other day my friends and I were sitting around knocking back a few beers when we came upon a question we realized only you can answer: why does it say "33" on the back of the labels of Rolling Rock beer?

Stephanie F. I quote: Rolling Rock from glass lined tanks in the Laurel Highlands. Cecil Adams Send questions to Cecil via cecil straightdope. Why is it called a restroom, anyway? How did public libraries get started? Thanks for signing up! Check your inbox for a welcome email. Question Asked by myjoey. Last updated Jan 06 Your Email Address:. Index Newest Popular Best. New Player Log In. Newest Questions Post a Question Search All Questions Please cite any factual claims with citation links or references from authoritative sources.

Editors continuously recheck submissions and claims. Archived Questions Goto Qn. What does the number 33 mean on the back of the green bottles for Rolling Rock Beer of Latrobe, Pennsylvania?

The 33 words on the back of the bottle: "Rolling Rock from glass lined tanks in the Laurel Highlands. We tender this premium beer for your enjoyment as a tribute to your good taste. It comes from the mountain springs to you. According to James L. Tito, former CEO of Latrobe Brewing, the "33" signifies the 33 words in the beer's slogan: "Rolling Rock - From the glass lined tanks of Old Latrobe, we tender this premium beer for your enjoyment as a tribute to your good taste.

Split S2 The sound you are hearing now is a normal sinus rhythm with a splitting of S2. Because this sound is looped for playback, you are hearing only the split S2. If this were the actual sound pattern you heard when auscultating, this would be a fixed, split S2, which is not a normal condition and is associated with atrial septal defects. The venous return to the right ventricle RV increases during inspiration due to negative intrathoracic pressure and P2 is even more delayed, so it is normal for the split of the second heart sound to widen during inspiration and to narrow during expiration.

Clinically, this is more remarkable with slow heart rates. In that case, the split is usually wide and fixed with no change difference between inspiration and expiration due to fixed RV volume see ASD section.

In both conditions, the aortic valve A2 closes after the pulmonary valve P2. Since the respiration only affects P2, its effect in paradoxical splitting is the opposite of normal, i. The third heart sound S3 represents a transition from rapid to slow ventricular filling in early diastole. S3 may be heard in normal children. The fourth heart sound S4 is an abnormal late diastolic sound caused by forcible atrial contraction in the presence of decreased ventricular compliance.

A figure showing normal and abnormal splitting of the second heart sound. Started in , this collection now contains interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and chapters. Content is updated monthly with systematic literature reviews and conferences.

Although access to this website is not restricted, the information found here is intended for use by medical providers. Patients should address specific medical concerns with their physicians. Toggle navigation. Cardiovascular Medicine. Examination Chapter. From Related Chapters.

Mass is the amount of matter an object has, and volume is the amount of space the matter takes up. Solids are easy to recognize.

They have definite shape, mass, and volume. This specific number of gas particles, at standard temperature and pressure ideal gas law occupies A measuring cup can be used to measure volumes of liquids. This cup measures volume in units of cups, fluid ounces, and millilitres. Volume is the quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface, for example, the space that a substance solid, liquid, gas, or plasma or 3D shape occupies or contains. A solid has definite volume and shape, a liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape, and a gas has neither a definite volume nor shape.

Volume is the amount of space occupied by a substance, while mass is the amount of matter it contains. It has both mass and volume. Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance or an object. Volume measures the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up.

Volume is the measure of the 3-dimensional space occupied by matter, or enclosed by a surface, measured in cubic units. The SI unit of volume is the cubic meter m3 , which is a derived unit. Liter L is a special name for the cubic decimeter dm3. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Q3 Give reasons for the following. Gases have no definite shape or volume.

Liquids have one free upper surface only. Globules of mercury kept in a petri dish, which is shaklen slowly, come together forming a big globule. A crystal of iodine on slow heating in a closed flask, turns into vapours and fills the complete flask.

An empty tumbler lowered into a glass beaker containing water, on tilting shows bubbles of air coming out, but when not tilted, no bubbles are seen. Looking to do well in your science exam? Learn from an expert tutor. Book a free class! Solution : Gases do not have a definite shape or volume because the molecules in gases are very loosely packed, they have large intermolecular spaces and hence they move around.

The force of attraction between molecules is also very less, as a result gases acquire any shape or any volume. Liquids have one free surface because they do not have a definite volume but a shape bounded by the container they are in, so the top surface of the container is the only free surface it has.

The formation of big globules is because of the forces of attraction existing between the molecules. The particles of solid are closely packed and occupy less space while particles of gases are loosely packed and occupy the complete space available. When the empty tumbler is tilted, the air inside the tumbler comes out and bubbles of air are seen. In particle physics, a massless particle is an elementary particle whose invariant mass is zero.

The two known massless particles are both gauge bosons: the photon carrier of electromagnetism and the gluon carrier of the strong force. Neutrinos were originally thought to be massless. It has both mass and volume. Mass measures the amount of matter in a substance or an object. Volume measures the amount of space that a substance or an object takes up.

The Higgs field gives mass to fundamental particles—the electrons, quarks and other building blocks that cannot be broken into smaller parts. The energy of this interaction between quarks and gluons is what gives protons and neutrons their mass.

Matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa. The rest mass of the electron is 9. An electron is therefore considered nearly massless in comparison with a proton or a neutron, and the electron mass is not included in calculating the mass number of an atom. Light is composed of photons, so we could ask if the photon has mass. According to theory it has energy and momentum but no mass, and this is confirmed by experiment to within strict limits.

By itself, electron is good, not negative. The energy of the electron is deposited at a point, just as if it was a particle. So while the electron propagates through space like a wave, it interacts at a point like a particle. This is known as wave-particle duality. This proves that electrons act like waves, at least while they are propagating traveling through the slits and to the screen.

Einstein believed light is a particle photon and the flow of photons is a wave. Electrons are found in certain orbits because they interfere with themselves and create standing waves. Because an electron is a quantum object with wave-like properties, it must always be vibrating at some frequency. Furthermore, an electron in a stable atomic state does not move in the sense of waving through space. The orbital electron does move in the sense of vibrating in time.

Light behaves mainly like a wave but it can also be considered to consist of tiny packages of energy called photons. Photons carry a fixed amount of energy but have no mass. They also found that increasing the intensity of light increased the number of electrons ejected, but not their speed. Quantum view of light: The photoelectric effect introduced evidence that light exhibited particle properties on the quantum scale of atoms. Begin typing your search term above and press enter to search. Press ESC to cancel.

Skip to content Home Arts Why a gas has no definite shape or volume? Ben Davis April 2,

And Why Should We Care? July Da Capo Press. News U. Politics Joe Biden Congress Extremism. Special Projects Highline. HuffPost Personal Video Horoscopes. Follow Us. Terms Privacy Policy. The example he gives is that if we go fast enough, we can get to the Andromeda galaxy, which is three million light years away, in fifty years of our time.

Are we going faster than light? No, my spoiled princess, remember that is only how it appears to you. How it looks to the people who sent you is coming up next. According to the equation, light, which goes the speed of light, takes no time at all to reach its destination. It suggests that a photon traveling between you and Andromeda is everywhere on its path simultaneously. Does this not mess with causality?

Is there any connection with wave nature of particles in quantum mechanics? The Imaginary Single Speed in Minkowski Space-time I was aware that travelling in space means that you also travel in time, and nothing can go faster than light. But the introduction of Minkowski space-time was a revelation.

It begins with the observation we just made that distance in space changes depending on the relative motion of the observer. This violates causality, which means this model does not work. But, of course, he knows the answer in advance. He then constructs a hyperbolic curve to demonstrate this relationship. It solves the causality problem, but visually the arithmetic is clearly false.

Squaring it gives a negative number, hence the minus sign. Now it makes mathematical sense, but why did he not explain this?

Anyway, the amazing result is that the speed of light is not just a limit, it is the only possible speed! When we think we are standing still, we are zooming through the time dimension at the speed of light. When we move in space we have to slow down our movement through time to compensate. The Mystery of the Time Travelling Twins I think the twin paradox is the key mystery in special relativity. One twin takes a round trip to Andromeda on a fast spaceship while his sister remains behind on Earth.

When the travelling twin returns, he thinks it took one hundred years, but the Earth, including his sister, is now six million years older. After all the work we have done, I thought I was finally going to understand it. But at the end we are told the whole calculation fails because it does not take into account the acceleration required to turn the spaceship around.

How can he do this to me? Lets jump ahead to the final chapter on General Relativity. We learn that acceleration and gravitational attraction are equivalent. We also learn that clocks run faster in weaker gravitational fields. This must mean that clocks run slower under higher acceleration. Then why did he not make the connection? Well, lets go ask Mr. Yikes, you would think this would have been figured out by now, but apparently not.

The most common view is that, contrary to this book, the acceleration is irrelevant. Apparently the special relativity formula is correct, and there are ways to explain it with simple math. It would have been nice if he did this for us. So then, why do the effects of General Relativity make no additional difference?

Ah, forget it, nobody answers my dumb questions. So wow, we can go anywhere in space as quickly as we want, and travel far into the future! The problem is that we are not photons — we have mass. Why does he not mention that it takes an ever increasing amount of energy to accelerate mass?

Near the speed of light the energy required becomes infinite. Lose some weight first like all of it. Then we realize that a momentum vector in space does not work in relativity, so we must find an equivalent in space-time. The now familiar distance vector in space-time is transformed into a momentum vector, which is mass times velocity.

To get there, we multiply by mass and by the velocity of light, then divide out the distance. Figuring this out from the text took a lot of work on my part. By trying to simplify, he actually made it a lot more difficult than it needed to be. Now he makes an approximation for the Lorentz factor, which is reasonably accurate at low speeds. At zero velocity, we still have energy in the mass. We have just achieved the stated goal of the book.

So far I have been feeling sorry for the scientifically challenged trying to read this book, but now I experienced being one of them. The verbal description made sense, but without knowing what the symbols or operators mean, constantly referring back to the equation just got in the way.

I think this book could have been better if they accepted they are writing for two different levels of knowledge. The equations could then be presented properly in a text box, accompanied by a text description of what they mean, followed by a philosophical summary for the non-mathematical reader. Better still, they could provide supplementary material on the web to answer my questions. I suppose this review is really a long confession of ignorance. I learned a lot from this book, and more from the research to make sense of it.

Actual Rating: 3. The writing of science books is a difficult task. On one hand, you have a ready market of science nerds that will instantly pick up your book an easy sale , but they want hard facts, maths and challenging concepts. On the other hand you have a large mass market audience wanting desperately to learn more about science but if you dive in with the hard facts, maths and challenging concepts you are possibly going to lose some of them along the way and turn them off scienc Actual Rating: 3.

On the other hand you have a large mass market audience wanting desperately to learn more about science but if you dive in with the hard facts, maths and challenging concepts you are possibly going to lose some of them along the way and turn them off science. So what do you do? Brian Cox has made a living on bring science to the masses and having heard him speak a few times now when he has been in Australia it is always such a delight to see the diverse crowds that rock up to see him talk.

If any-one was able to please both groups - I would put money on it being him. While I found this book to be a really solid read and will definitely read it a second time , I unfortunately think the audience of the book is unclear. The book starts out quite gently with some very easy to get your head around concepts about space and time, the speed of light and special theory. I was speeding through these chapters feeling pretty confident with everything I was reading and coming up with a few good examples to incorporate into my work.

Then there is a sudden switch to spacetime momentum vectors that had me trying to recall study from years ago and wishing desperately that I had a pen and paper note: next time bring pen and paper.

So just when you go "yes The jumping back and forth between baby steps and elephant steps just made me feel a little confused and dizzy. I also wonder if the authors solo wrote specific chapters as the voice way of explaining did seem to change throughout and that also mixed up my rhythm with the book a little and added to the dizzy. So hats off to them both. So if you are a hard-core physics geek, maybe skip the book and grab a textbook.

If you are totally new to this field If you are in the middle, bring pen and paper and enjoy the bumps. He is incredibly intelligent to state the obvious , but gets across ideas in an accessible and easily understood way, and has a great sense of humour to boot. Probably a book I'll read again to try to cement my understandings. Very much enjoyed it. May 10, Ana rated it it was amazing Shelves: science.

Omg I had no idea how shallow my understanding of relativity was!! A bit difficult to follow at times and I still have a few technical questions that I'll need to look-up myself, but I still learned a lot! While the progress we've made is astounding, I can't help but feel a bit of despair at the thought of how this progress was achieved sometimes see the Minkowski spacetime "why not try Pythagora's theorem with a minus sign???

Jun 17, Carlos Martinez rated it really liked it Shelves: science. An entertaining and not-entirely-impossible guide to Einstein's physics. I enjoyed reading it, but it'll take me at least one more go to master the main concepts. It has been 12 years since I read this book and I thought I would try it again to see if I better understood it than the last time.

Although I have a HNC in physical sciences I have always found the maths of the subject challenging and this was the case of this book. I found it frustrating to constantly having to re-read and re-look at diagrams to digest what was being said.

The authors do make a commendable job of trying to explain things in lay man's terms and I did enjoy the sections of the boo It has been 12 years since I read this book and I thought I would try it again to see if I better understood it than the last time.

The authors do make a commendable job of trying to explain things in lay man's terms and I did enjoy the sections of the book which looked at the subject of physics in a historical context. The explanation of why nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, and the chapter on gravity and space-time were particularly well done. One of those books due to the nature of change in scientific theories and discoveries, may in another 12 years be out of date.

View 2 comments. Plan on going back to this, and crunching the numbers. View all 3 comments. Aug 28, Eduardo Barroso rated it it was amazing. Physics is often neglected by many people for its deep connections to math.

In this book, the authors expose the main concepts behind modern physics using only Pythagoras theorem. They make you realize that the genius of heros like Einstein comes out of pondering the trivial implications of our universe rather than solving crazy equations. From to he was a Lecturer at Harvard. He is a board member of the Lifeboat Foundation. Apart from his scientific work, Rothman is the author of nine books.

Doubt and Certainty was chosen by the "A-List" as one of the most notable books of Rothman was the scientific editor for Sakharov's memoirs Knopf, Follow Tony Rothman on Twitter. Already a subscriber? Sign in. Thanks for reading Scientific American. Create your free account or Sign in to continue.

See Subscription Options. Go Paperless with Digital. Read more from this special report: General Relativity at Don't feel it? Don't worry, no one else did either until Albert Einstein redefined the substance of reality at the start of the 20th century. Neither Galileo, Michael Faraday, James Clerk Maxwell or Isaac Newton knew about the speed of light thing, despite laying the foundations for the insights that the Austrian patent-clerk-turned-physicist would eventually have.

Let me clarify. We are all moving at a speed "c" that happens to correspond with the speed of light as it moves through a vacuum in normal space. Except that our movement is through a 4D co-ordinate system called spacetime. Unlike 3D space, which allows you to measure the position of an object, spacetime allows you to measure events where and when.

Even if you are sitting still in 3D space not moving in any direction , you will nevertheless be moving in 4D spacetime in other words, no movement in the three space dimensions but moving in the "time" direction. Knowing that mass and energy are equivalent has given us, for better or worse, the mushroom cloud and nuclear power stations, but none of these applications were on Einstein's mind as he explored the fabric of space and time. His formulation of what became known as special relativity tore apart the classical view of the clockwork universe that Newton and his colleagues had developed in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Einstein started with a conundrum, the niggling problem that the ideas of Galileo and Maxwell seemed to be at odds. Galileo had shown how there was no such thing as absolute motion, that you can only define movement relative to something else.

Thus, Chihuly leads a studio of skilled glassblowers to execute his imagination—similar to many professional sculptors, who rely on specialized foundry workers. Throughout his plus-year career, Chihuly confronted a hesitation in critical circles to consider glassblowing to be art, rather than merely a craft. While much has been written about Chihuly before, the narrative of his life so far has remained fragmentary, said Adams. It also changed the way Chihuly executed his art.

After the accident he no longer felt safe manipulating molten glass, so a head gaffer as glass-blowers are called , took over the hands-on work and Chihuly expanded his team into something of an army. And Chihuly choreographs all of them — from glass-blowers to installation experts. They start with his drawings or paintings, and end with surreal, fluidic sculptures. Chihuly compares himself to a conductor or film director. As he always says, 'If big is good, bigger is better. If one is terrific, twelve is even better.

He's worked with the artist for 19 years, and said even with so many projects and people to orchestrate, Chihuly is not a Hitchcockian control freak. Instead he encourages the team to experiment with shapes, assemblages, and a palette of some unique colors. Thousands of pieces of glass traveled across country in six semi trucks. Mille Fiore means 1, flowers," Lind said. Mint Museum Randolph Charlotte. Why is it called glass blowing? Glassblowing involves three furnaces. The first, which contains a crucible of molten glass, is simply referred to as the furnace.

This process, called marvering, forms a cool skin on the exterior of the molten glass blob, and shapes it. Then air is blown into the pipe, creating a bubble. Who is the best glass blower in the world? Richard Royal is known internationally as one of the most talented glass artists in the world. Where is Chihuly from? Tacoma, Washington, United States. Is all glass hand blown?

Hand-blown glass does not have the machine-made symmetry and precision of manufactured, machine-produced glass objects. A hand-blown glass piece may have slight imperfections, irregularities, or even a slightly asymmetrical form.

These irregularities reveal that a human hand produced the pieces, rather than a machine.

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First Prev of Go to page. CobaltBlu Butterfly Wrangler Moderator. Oct 20, 40, 3, CobaltBlu said:. Mar 28, 22, 19 England. Supporting our troops Jan 4, 16, 1, San Francisco. These pics are lacking in crazy. As a human being and a mom, I am relieved. But as a staunch supporter of the crazy, I am a tad disappointed. All Football. Showbiz Celebrity Jill Robinson. The year-old teen bride stepped out in a tight white top which showed off her large chest as she joined her husband Doug Hutchinson to take sacks of clothing to a donation centre.

Courtney was wearing a relatively understated style, compared with her usual look and stepped out in a pair of jeans but ensured she flashed her famous chest in the tiny white boob tube. She teamed the ensemble with her towering patent heels and carried a white clutch bag. Given her wardrobe appears to consist of barely-there hot pants and tiny, cleavage showing tops, the question of her clothes suitability for charity is drawn into question.

Perhaps the Green Mile actor, 51, was simply donating his own clothing and he was and he was seen carrying the offerings in paper bags. Courtney also agreed to undergo an ultrasound examination to prove her large breasts were not the result of a breast augmentation operation. Ghislaine Maxwell is a monster in designer clothes, says alleged victim as heiress faces life in jail if Lookalikes put world off scent: Ghislaine Maxwell was the most hunted woman on the planet and hiding out in Parliament 'plans clampdown on foreign lobbying' to avoid interest groups funded from abroad becoming new Channel migrants 'could top , a year': Ex-Border Force chief says crossings could reach 'epidemic' Independent historians will write 'balanced' official Troubles history for government amid fears Republicans Mystery over how modern humans settled Europe: Homo sapiens made several failed attempts to populate the Legendary thriller writer Wilbur Smith dies 'unexpectedly' at home in Cape Town aged 88 having spent the Michael Fawcett letter offering to help a Saudi billionaire for cash donations that was revealed by the Mail Queen will be without four loyal staff members this Christmas as they leave Sandringham in 'the end of an Operation Rampdown: Leaked official Covid 'exit plan' to dismantle key measures including self-isolation, NordVPN - Internet security.

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Dim Pluto, invisible to the naked eye, sits in between the two gas giants. Mars rises around 8 p. Mars is very bright — brighter than Jupiter — and is worth staying up late to observe. Mars and the Moon are very close to each other on the night of Oct. Have a question about astronomy or space science? Send an email to dan starpointestudio. Please log in, or sign up for a new account and purchase a subscription to read or post comments.

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Including the sun, Arcturus is the fifth brightest star in the sky. Since it sets just after 8pm, you will have to be out PDQ after sundown to catch a glimpse before it disappears. Look for a rapidly twinkling orange star very close to the northwestern horizon. En-route to your eye, starlight passes through atmospheric clumps of different temperature, density and humidity. Each blob behaves like a lens, creating an image of the star. As the atmosphere moves, the number and position of these individual images changes.

These multiple images make starlight appear to scintillate when viewed from the ground. Scientists call this atmospheric refraction. When stars are near the horizon, we observe them through a thicker atmospheric column, which means they tend to twinkle more when they are low.

Arcturus usually looks orange-red to the unaided eye — do let me know what colours you see if you spot it this week. Our second star is Vega in the constellation Lyra.

Once this is accounted for, Arcturus actually releases times more heat than Earth's sun. Arcturus has an apparent magnitude of The brighter the star, the lower its apparent and absolute magnitudes. The star is in the latter stages of its life.

Considered a red giant, Arcturus has stopped fusing hydrogen in its core, as the sun does, and astronomers believe it is now starting to fuse heavier elements such as carbon. Once Arcturus exhausts its helium supply, its outer layers will likely bleed off, leaving behind a white dwarf remnant. No planets have been found surrounding this star, although science fiction has explored that subject.

The book's protagonist travels to Tormance, a fictional planet that orbits Arcturus. Arcturus — either the star or a fictional planet with the same name — has also appeared in many other science fiction series, including Isaac Asimov's "Foundation" book series, the "Doctor Who" and "Star Trek" television series, and the movie "Aliens.

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community space.

The participants needed to be in attendance the actual meeting or in the meeting via Zoom, Google hang-outs, Outlook, etc. Keep track of this in a calendar app. This is the information, components or the action items that will be directed to your team. What details need consideration to complete a successful goal or purpose the team is working toward? Estimate and determine the amount of time you will take for the group to discuss each item.

Stick to this timeframe no matter what. Have an absolute date and time and never deviate. Use a scheduling tool like Calendar can eliminate lengthy email threads. Keep suggestions and details to a minimum. All that's required is when, where, and type of meeting to schedule. If your meeting is outside of your office -- consider a neutral location that can be accessed easily for each participant whether local or virtual.

This includes any documents, data, or reading that will be discussed during the meeting. Attach these to the meeting agenda so that attendees can look them over in advance. The decision items listed above have become standards for a meeting agenda. Other elements of a meeting agenda could include:. It is nice to have an AirTable built on your site or calendar for this purpose concerning assigned tasks.

Any action items set during the previous meeting should be addressed. Not done? This is the quick review of what will be done by attendees during the current meeting. The note taker or leader is responsible for this.

Your team leaders, managers, or directors will be having their own separate team meetings. Who will be invited to this meeting? Identify and list the participants you wish to attend the meeting. Have them listed on the meeting agenda. If a person's name is on the agenda -- and they don't show -- this will only happen once. As a general rule of thumb, the less people you invite, the better.

The small meeting rule may not be a rule you can keep. That's unless this is your quarterly check-in meeting. Otherwise only have the participants who can help you in accomplishing this meetings goal and agenda. Related: Hour Work Week? Are you having trouble identifying which individuals presence is required?

These should individuals who can help solve a problem or bring fresh ideas to the table, provide data, or share industry updates. If your goal is to capture more leads, then you would need the leaders in your sales and marketing departments. You may have a new employee who has interesting and unique ideas that will help move a task or project in the right direction.

Does every meeting you schedule require a custom developed agenda? Not necessarily -- but I would. Remember, your employees only attend regularly scheduled meetings that impact their specific department or group.

Take for example an ongoing long-term project. In fact, you may be able to scrap some meetings altogether during the course of project. Status update meetings need not be more than 15 to 30 minutes.. Instead -- track the progress through email or a project management system or calendar reporting.

If you can -- keep a standard agenda -- then the team knows exactly what to expect before a meeting and the agenda is simple. This makes your meeting agenda more effective. Same items discussed each time in the same order -- is the most simple and straightforward.

These agenda items commonly involve a brief one-way presentation that will provide background information to attendees. Participants are only there to listen, understand, and comply -- this process is used when a decision has been made from the top. In fact, research has found that a large percentage of agendas are simply recycled meeting to meeting.

So what can you do to create agendas that inspire, target the issues that need to be resolved, and leave attendees satisfied with the time spent in discussion together?

Instead of listing agenda items as simple bullet points, reframe them as questions instead. This approach will make you more strategic, thinking critically about the meaning of a topic and what your ultimate outcome is.

It will also make it easier to determine your invitation list the people essential to answering the questions and better informs when to actually end a meeting when the questions have been answered to satisfaction. Read any book on running effective meetings and, chances are, one of the first recommendations is going to be to set an agenda.

Managers are often led to believe that having a written plan is the key for an engaging and successful meeting. Instead of designing your agenda as a laundry list of topics to be broached, consider creating your agenda as a set of questions to be addressed.

In its simplest form, the meeting exists to answer a set of compelling questions in an allotted time. Here are some examples of what this could look like:. In addition, this method fosters intentionality. This approach also better informs when to actually end a meeting — when the questions have been answered to satisfaction. Think about creating agenda questions for meeting attendees like you would go about creating goals for your employees.

Goal-setting theory demonstrates that goals energize, focus attention, and promote persistence, all of which lead to better performance. This literature shows that specific goals e. The same should go for your meeting questions. Create specific questions like the examples above so that attendees are clear what the challenge or problem is thus better focusing collective meeting efforts.

Research also shows that difficult, but doable goals, are the most motivating types of goals. Similarly, agenda questions should be designed to challenge, but not be so outlandish that attendees fail to take them seriously and experience frustration.

There is no formula for the ideal number of questions to address in a meeting. What is important is to have the right questions. Then, attendees should be asked for input as the agenda is being created.

An agenda also can help keep the meeting within a predetermined time frame controlling when issues are discussed. People are less likely to slow the meeting with interruptions if they know that their issue is on the agenda. Each attendee can relax knowing that the meeting is under control and that issues that are important to each are listed on the agenda.

An agenda increases productivity at meetings. Attendees understand that all items on the agenda must be discussed and are likely to move at a pace that ensures they will cover everything. Agendas make it clear what the action items are and who are the responsible people. This allows attendees to leave meetings knowing what must be accomplished before the next meeting.

The agenda also allows attendees to review action items at the next meeting and receive progress reports of progress. The agenda helps attendees zero in on the areas where decisions are needed and clears the way for progress.

Attendees can leave the meeting feeling a sense of accomplishment with the agenda to verify their productivity. As meeting attendees work their way through the agenda, the person taking minutes notes on the agenda the results of each discussion, which action items were completed or newly developed, reports given, issues to be resolved and other documentation of events at the meeting.

With village post offices closing at the rate of a year, the neighbouring shops have been plunged into crisis. A closure takes away an estimated 15 per cent of their business. The agency believes it is now extremely difficult for more than one specialist shop, such as a butcher or baker, to survive in the same rural area, and warns that shops must sell a wide range of goods if they are to compete with supermarkets and larger chains of stores in neighbouring towns.

Some shops have managed to keep open thanks to grants from both the Countryside Agency and regional development agencies to refurbish their properties and expand their stock. They are also getting free advice from retail consultants on how to improve the promotion of their wares. We have been encouraging shopkeepers in rural areas to reinvent themselves as multi-stop shops. In the Suffolk village of Blythburgh, there are signs of a fightback. The village store closed last November, forcing residents to drive to Southwold, five miles away, for their food.

I live next to Portobello Road market and to my astonishment the street stallholders but not the shops still pack up and go home on Thursday afternoon. I thought it must be the last remnant of early closing day in London. Do any other street markets in London do it?

The absence of stalls on Thursday afternoons also baffles all the tourists though various souvenir tat merchants are taking over what useful local shops were left between the new coffee shops and posh shoe shops ; all they they are left with to do is pester the locals e.

Brixton Market, such as it is, still closes on Wednesday afternoons. I live in Ilkeston and even now nearly half of the shops in the town centre still close on Wednesday afternoon, so the practice is still going strong. In my rural home town in Scotland they still do close half-day Wednesday. Also Wednesday is the open-air market day. There was never any restrictions to Sunday trading in Scotland.

Modern Wednesday afternoon closings originated with ww2. Everyone in our towns were encouraged to close at p. I am presently 87 years of age. Thanks for sharing this! I love hearing these little details about life not-too-long-ago that often go unrecorded.

As a child living in Doncaster most of my early years up to the age of 13 on one of the Saturdays in December, we walked to the station to catch the early, 3 a.

After breakfast Lyons Corner House, we made our way to the West End in pursuit of a new winter coat and other clothes for Christmas and the coming year! As the shops closed in those days at 1 p. Happy memories! But they also have unusual hours on Saturday, open from 9am-1pm, closed in the afternoon, but then open again from 6.

Then closed all day Sunday. My parents were both shop owners on the Caledonian Road in London. In they got married on half day closing day — worked in the morning, married in the afternoon.

What is tradition..??? In the s our city had Thursday as half-day closing. I remember that because one Thursday I had a fall coming home from school at lunch time.

My mother took me to the nearby ambulance station for the bloody wound to be dressed — and I went to the doctor the next day. I still have the scar to remind me. In the southern England town in which I now live — various family owned shops close for a full day as well as Sunday. Usually it is a business that is not essential to daily life eg photo shop; PC shop.

So, what exactly are community shops and why are they such a vital component of successful and vibrant rural communities? Richard Moules who helped launch a community shop in the tiny village of Humshaugh in Northumbria agrees. If we hadn't taken over the shop which was due to close, it would have made life very difficult especially for the elderly and young families. But how can community-owned shops succeed when regular village shops are going to the wall? And what about prices at these shops?

How can these retail minnows hope to compete with the likes of Aldi and Tesco? Like many community shops, ours is pitched as providing a top-up service rather than being somewhere to do the weekly big shop. Many community-owned shops are now adding other services to supplement their core retail offering.

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American immigration lawyers say they 'mystified' as to how she got a visa 'Lord knows I needed that one this week! Nicole Richie proves her bitter feud with Paris Hilton is WAY behind her as she is seen at the heiress' splashy wedding Little Mix release new single titled No and sassy music video which sees them in tracksuits before transforming into glam housewives 'The kids were stressing out! Kathy Hilton is the life of the party as she joins forces with Paula Abdul for a duet at Paris Hilton's star-studded wedding 'Tis the season!

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Find out how to ask our experts Meghan's father kept letter secret for six months - until it was revealed in People article that 'vilified' Ghislaine Maxwell is a monster in designer clothes, says alleged victim as heiress faces life in jail if Lookalikes put world off scent: Ghislaine Maxwell was the most hunted woman on the planet and hiding out in Parliament 'plans clampdown on foreign lobbying' to avoid interest groups funded from abroad becoming new Channel migrants 'could top , a year': Ex-Border Force chief says crossings could reach 'epidemic'